Present perfect simple

PRESENT PERFECT: FORM AND USE:

1. Present Perfect is used for actions in the past which have a connection to the present. The time when these actions happened is not relevant so there is often no time complement.
   
   
   
2. Present Perfect is used for recently completed actions. Actions that take place in a recent past. 
   
3. Present Perfect is also used for actions beginning in the past that continue up to the present.

EXERCISES

• BBC
• Present perfect man (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 1 (www-englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 2 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• English at home: grammar and exercises
• Hot Potatoes exercise
• Unit 3 final test
• Affirmative senteces in present perfect
• Negative sentences in present perfect (www.ego4u.com)
• Sentences with "never" in present perfect (www.ego4u.com)
• Questions in present perfect (www.ego4u.com)
• Exercise: affirmative, negative or question (Perfect English Grammar)
• Exercise 2 : affirmative, negative or question (Perfect English Grammar)
• Choose the right verb form (Using English)
• Choose the right verb (British Council)
• Put the sentences in order

TYPICAL ADVERBS

• ever / never / just / already / yet
• exercise from Grammar Bank
• exercise from Baladre Info

PAST SIMPLE: FORM AND USE:

• Positive sentence → Subject + verb+ ed or irregular form (I played with her.- She came with us.)
• Questions → Auxiliary verb + subject +verb (Did they read the story?)
• Negative sentence → Subject + auxiliary verb + verb ( I didn’t like it.) 

USE:

• For completed action in the past (We saw your sister yesterday.)
• For a series of completed actions (I woke up, had a shower, had breakfast and went to school.)
• For longer actions that start and stop in the past; time expressions usually go with it (My sister lived in London for years.)
• For talking about habits which stopped in the past (She studied Japanese when she was in high school.)
• For past facts or generalizations (Old people never played football.)

CONTRAST:

PAST SIMPLE & PRESENT PERFECT - CONTRAST

• past simple or present perfect (English Hilfen)
• past simple or present perfect (Study Zone)
• ESL lounge
• English Grammar Secrets
• Perfect English Grammar
• Perfect English Grammar 2
• Isabel Pérez -exercise 1
• Isabel Pérez -exercise 2

TEXTS

• Loch Ness

Conditional sentences

ZERO TYPE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

MEANING& USE

The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific facts. In these sentences, the time is the present or always and the situation is real and possible.

• If you heat water, it boils.
• Water boils if you heat it.
• When you heat ice, it melts.
• Ice melts when you heat it.
• If it snows, the grass gets white.
• The grass gets white if it snows.
• When it rains, the grass gets wet.
• The grass gets wet when it rains.

FORM

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

If/when/unless + present simple, .... present simple.

EXERCISES

• Perfect English

1ST TYPE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

MEANING & USE
The first conditional is also called the "real" conditional because it is used for real, or possible, situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met.

In the first conditional we can salso use unless, which means "if... not". In other words, "... unless he hurries up" could also be written, "... if he doesn't hurry up."

1st type conditional sentence

• If it rains, we will stay at home.
• He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
• Sophie will buy a new car, if she gets her raise.

FORM
The first conditional is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma and a future simple verb (will + infinitive) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

• If he finishes on time, we will go to the movies.

OR

• We will go to the movies if he finishes on time.

EXERCISES

• exercise 1- Ego4you
• exercise 2- Ego4you
• exercise 3- Englisch Hilfen: statements
• exercise 4- Englisch Hilfen: negatives
• exercise 5- Englisch Hilfen: mixed
• exercise 6- Englisch Hilfen: mixed-two blanks
• exercise 7- ESL Partyland
• exercise 8- Isabel Pérez matching exercise
• exercise 9- English Exercises
• exercise 10- First English
• exercise 11- English Grammar
• exercise 12: Perfect English

This sheet contains a summary of first, second and third type conditional sentences.

2nd TYPE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

MEANING

2nd type conditional sentence

The second conditional is used to talk about situations or actions in the present or future which are not likely to happen or are imaginary, hypothetical or impossible.

• If I were a rich woman, I would travel around the world. I think it is very unlikely that I will be rich. However, in this unlikely condition, I will travel around the world.
• If I weren't / wasn't watching TV now, I would be playing tennis. I am watching TV, but I am imagining an alternative activity I would be doing if I wasn't watching TV
• If you had a bigger dog, your house would be protected. You don't have a big dog, but I am imagining how protected you would be if you had one.
• If I were an alien, I would be able to travel around the universe. It is impossible for me to be an alien. However, I am imagining what I would do in this situation.
• We would go to Paris this summer if we passed all our subjects. That is our plan but, unfortunatelly,  we know we are not going to pass all our subjects.

FORM

If + past simple + conditional (would)

Conditional (would) + if + past simple

Verb be is usually were for all subjects; was (1st & 3rd person) is colloquial.

SONGS

If I were a rich man (Fiddler in the Roof-movie)

If today was your last day (Nickleback)

If I were a boy (Beyonce)

EXERCISES

- from Isabel Pérez

- Englisch-hilfen.de 1

- Englisch-hilfen.de 2

- Englisch-hilfen.de 3

- Englisch-hilfen.de 4

- Englisch-hilfen.de 5
- Perfect English Grammar

- Malted ESO-4 unit 7 (Gwineth and the Wizard)

FIRST AND SECOND TYPE CONDITIONALS

• Exercise 1: unit 5 in your text book
• Exercise 2: write the correct verb forms (1st & 2nd type conditionals)
• Exercise 3: Englisch Hilfen
• Exercise 4: Englisch Hilfen
• Exercise 5: Ego4you
• Exercise 6: Ego4you
• Exercise 7: Ego4you-with auxiliary verbs
• Exercise 8. First English
• Exercise 9: English for you
• Exercise 10: ESL lounge
• Exercise 11: Edu GE
• Exercise 12: Speak Speak
• Exercise 13: English exercises
• Exercise 14: English Area

3RD TYPE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

MEANING

The first conditional and second conditionals tell us about the future. With the third conditional we refer to the past. We speak about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

• If I had travelled to Italy I would have visited Luca. But I have not travelled to Italy and, therefore, I have not visited Luca.
• If you had got a good mark, would you have complained to the teacher? but your mark was bad, so we don't know for sure what you would have done.
• What would you have done if it had snowed last weekend? but it didn't snow.
• I wouldn't have called if I had known that she wasn't home. but I knew so I called

FORM

If + past perfect  // would have + past participle

Past participle // if + past perfect

EXERCISES

• Englisch Hilfen: statements 1
• Englisch Hilfen: negatives 1
• Englisch Hilfen: mixed
• Englisch Hilfen: mixed with negations
• Englisch Hilfen: easy conditionals
• Englisch Hilfen: medium conditionals

SONGS:

 

ALL TYPES OF CONDITIONALS

• All types- Englisch Hilfen
• All types 2 - Englisch Hilfen
• All types - Speak Speak
• All types - Speak Speak 2
• All types - First English
• All types - E-grammar

Eso 3 conditional sentences from Ana Arias Castro

Past perfect: form and use

FORM AND USE:

It is used for actions that start in the past and continue up to a given time in the past:

• I had finished the article when they said it was dinner time.
• Yesterday evening at nine o'clock I had already finished the videogame.
• She hadn't arrived when we phoned.

Also in 3rd type conditional sentences:

• If you had asked me, I wouldn't have let you go.
• We wouldn't have solved the quiz if they hadn't helped us.

EXERCISES:
PAST PERFECT:

• Perfect English Grammar
  
• Ego 4 You
• Oxford University Press
• Englisch Hilfen - statements
• Englisch Hilfen - negatives
• Englisch Hilfen - questions
• Englisch Hilfen - mix

PAST PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE:

• Ego 4 You - 1
• Ego 4 You - 2
• Ego 4 You - 3
• Ego 4 You - 4
• Focus (don't use contractions)
• English 4 You
• English 4 You - 2
• English 4 You - 3

Irregular verbs in English

As we are about to start studying and using the past participle tense, you need to revise and learn the irregular forms of verbs. So here you are some useful websites for you to have a look at once you have read throught the list provided in class:

• TABLE of irregular verbs
• irregular verb audio list
  

  

  from lovelylanguage.com
  

  
  

• irregular verbs 3
• irregular verbs 4
• irregular verbs 5
• irregular verbs 6
• verb mix 1
• verb mix 2
• verb mix 3
• verb mix 4
• test 1
• test 2
• test 3
• fill in the gaps-senteces
• crosswords-past participles

Subject and object questions

Most questions are object questions. They ask about an object.

• Where do you live?
• Who did you see? 

And there are also subject questions. Questions we ask to find out about the subject. These questions are asked using 'who', 'what' and 'which'.  

• Who plays football in this class?
• What happened?
• Which machine did Marconi invent? 

You can take a look at the following chart of question forms:

Form	Examples
Object Questions wh- + auxiliary + subject + main verb	Where do you live? What will you do? When is she coming?
Subject Questions wh- (=subject) + auxiliary + main verb Notice that this structure is like affirmative sentence structure without the question word.	Who loves you? Which car will arrive first? What type of food costs less?

Subject object questions from Ana Arias Castro

SOME MORE EXERCISES:

• Perfect English
• ESL Lounge
• English Zone
• Learn English - British Council
• Servator

Revision for 3º ESO exam

3º ESO EXAM:

1. VERB TENSES (present simple / present continuous / past simple / past continuous / present perfect / future simple (will) / going to / would)
2. COMPARATIVES
3. PASSIVES
4. ESSAYS
• MODALS
• ADVICE (should)
• RULES (must / have to / mustn't / don't have to / can)
• CONDITIONALS
• DIALOGUE
1. DOCTOR'S
2. SHOPPING
3. RESTAURANT
4. DIRECTIONS

3ºeso sb 3rd term-2 from Ana Arias Castro

3º ESO exam from Ana Arias Castro

Neiu3 0-summary of tenses from Ana Arias Castro

ENGLISH IN USE - REVISION TESTS

• Unit 0
• Unit 1
• Unit 2
• Unit 3
• Unit 4
• Unit 5
• Unit 6
• Unit 7
• Unit 8

TENSES

• present simple / present continuous
• will/ going to
• present perfect
• past simple / past continuous
• mixed tenses:
• Aula Virtual
• Mixed tenses: beginner
• Digital Campus: mixed tenses
• Digital Campus: mixed tenses2
• a4esl: mixed tenses
• Englisch Hilfen: mixed tenses1
• Englisch Hilfen: mixed tenses2
• Morales: tenses 1
• Morales: tenses 2
• Morales: tenses 3 (write the sentence)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

COMPARATIVES

PASSIVE SENTENCES

Grammar revision for 4º ESO

Grammar revision for 4º ESO from Ana Arias Castro

Passive sentences in English

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 3 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 4 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 5 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise 

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• deduction: may / might / could / must / can't (British Council)
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 1)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 2)
• can / must / should ( Learn English Feel Good 3)
• can / could / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 4)
• can / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 5)
• can / can't / must / mustn't / needn't /have to / don't have to (Speak Speak)

Future tenses: going to and will

These are some interesting websites to revise future tenses in English at lower intermediate level:

• Isabel Pérez: tenses website

GOING TO:

• Isabel Pérez: Going to boy
• Englisch Hilfen exercise

WILL:

• Isabel Pérez: Mister Will
• Englisch Hilfen exercise

Mixed tenses:

• Exercise 1_ My English Pages
• Exercise 2: Grammar Bank
• Exercise 3: Ego4u
• Exercise 4: English Exercises
• Exercise 5: Englisch Hilfen
• Exercise 6: Better English
• Exercise 7: Using English 
• Exercise 8 : English Page

Original hipster nativity scene

Gorilla Goodies is selling an original nativity set for this Christmas: the Hipster Nativity Set.
Can you describe the difference between this nativity set and the traditional one?

Have a look at this pictures from the Gorilla Goodies website:

Past Perfect tense

FORM AND USE:

It is used for actions that start in the past and continue up to a given time in the past:

• I had finished the article when they said it was dinner time.
• Yesterday evening at nine o'clock I had already finished the videogame.
• She hadn't arrived when we phoned.

Also in 3rd type conditional sentences:

• If you had asked me, I wouldn't have let you go.
• We wouldn't have solved the quiz if they hadn't helped us.

EXERCISES:
PAST PERFECT:

• Perfect English Grammar
• Ego 4 You
• Oxford University Press
• Englisch Hilfen - statements
• Englisch Hilfen - negatives
• Englisch Hilfen - questions
• Englisch Hilfen - mix

PAST PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE:

• Ego 4 You - 1
• Ego 4 You - 2
• Ego 4 You - 3
• Ego 4 You - 4
• Focus (don't use contractions)
• English 4 You
• English 4 You - 2
• English 4 You - 3

4ºESO review for the exam

1. Tenses:

1. present simple (go/goes)
2. present continuous (am/is/are going)
3. present pefect (have/has gone)
4. past simple (went)
5. past continuous (was/were going)
6. past perfect (have/has gone)
7. simple conditional (would go)
8. perfect conditional (would have gone)
9. future simple (will go)
10. going to

Tenses for ESO-4 from Ana Arias Castro

2. Infintives and gerunds

Infinitives and gerunds from Ana Arias Castro

3. Reported speech

Eso 4 reported speech from Ana Arias Castro

4. Essays

Eso 4 how to write an essay from Ana Arias Castro

Essay topics eso 4 from Ana Arias Castro

EXAMS FROM FORMER YEARS

4sb 3 term_16_17 from Ana Arias Castro

Subject / Object questions

Most questions are object questions. They ask about an object.

• Where do you live?
• Who did you see? 

And there are also subject questions. Questions we ask to find out about the subject. These questions are asked using 'who', 'what' and 'which'.  

• Who plays football in this class?
• What happened?
• Which machine did Marconi invent? 

You can take a look at the following chart of question forms:

Form	Examples
Object Questions wh- + auxiliary + subject + main verb	Where do you live? What will you do? When is she coming?
Subject Questions wh- (=subject) + auxiliary + main verb Notice that this structure is like affirmative sentence structure without the question word.	Who loves you? Which car will arrive first? What type of food costs less?

Subject object questions from Ana Arias Castro

SOME MORE EXERCISES:

• Perfect English
• ESL Lounge
• English Zone
• Learn English - British Council
• Servator

Infinitives and gerunds

Infinitives and gerunds from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES:

• English Page
• Englisch Hilfen 1
• Englisch Hilfen 2

Modal verbs

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• have to / can / should
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must
• must / mustn't / have to / don't-doesn't have to (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)